A good night’s sleep improves every area of your life. This includes your emotional wellbeing, memory, metabolism, ability to focus, stress response, and much more.
One theory is Revenge Bed Time Procrastination.
Although this concept originated in China, Revenge Bed Time Procrastination is a global phenomenon.
The idea of Revenge Bed Time Procrastination is simple . . .
When you feel like you don’t have much control over your day (due to work, study, and/or sports commitments), you sacrifice sleep to engage in fun activities to regain some sense of freedom.
Instead of sleeping, you stay up late watching your favourite shows, playing video games, and/or chatting with friends online.
But this comes at a cost. By seeking revenge on your work/school day and sacrificing sleep, your health suffers.
Your ability to study and learn is also negatively impacted. When you’re sleep deprived, the hippocampus (that’s the part of the brain associated with memory and learning) ceases to function properly. This makes it incredibly difficult to retain information when you study.
High school students need about 9-10 hours each night.
Adults need about 7-9 hours.
But it’s not just quantity of sleep that matters. It’s quality, too.
Getting up throughout the night to check your phone destroys your sleep quality.
The good news is there are a range of simple things you can do to get more and better sleep. Since you spend about a third of your life asleep, it makes sense to learn how you can optimise this area of your life.
Getting some sunshine first thing in the morning when you wake up can help you sleep better at night. Even just 10 minutes of sunshine can work wonders. You could create a tiny habit of eating breakfast outside or going outside for a short walk, run and/or workout.
If you use your phone as an alarm, there’s a good chance you’ve developed the habit of sleeping next to your phone. When your phone is in sight and within arms reach, it’s tempting to keep checking your phone.
Co-founder of the Centre for Humane Technology Tristan Harris says sleeping with your phone next to you is like sleeping next to a giant doughnut. It’s really hard to resist.
In addition, the light that is emitted from your phone messes with your ability to produce melatonin (a hormone that makes you feel sleepy).
This explains why so many people struggle to fall asleep. And it’s why many sleep scientists recommend charging your phone in another room at least 30 minutes before you go to bed. Out of sight, out of mind.
It’s not just the light from screens that keeps you awake at night. Scrolling through social media and playing video games are mentally stimulating tasks. These apps and games are designed to hook you in and hijack your attention.
The problem is this is the polar opposite to how you need to feel before you go to bed!
To get a good night’s sleep, you need to slow down and calm your mind, which brings me to the next point . . .
When I was a child, a character called Fat Cat would come on the television at 7.30pm every night. Fat Cat would get into bed, wave, and say “Goodnight boys and girls”.
Fat Cat was a big fat prompt for bedtime. He was effectively saying to parents, “Put your children to bed before the adult programs start”.
As children, most of us had some kind of winding down time before bed. Our parents would give us a bath, put on our pyjamas, and read us a book. These activities helped to calm our minds.
But as we got older, many of us abandoned winding down time.
It’s time to bring back winding down time and create bedtime rituals. Engaging in just 15-30 minutes of calming activities before bed can make a massive difference to your sleep quality.
My bedtime ritual involves the following:
• Charging my phone in another room
• Putting on my cosy pyjamas
• Dimming the lights in my bedroom
• Reading a book (nothing too exciting or work related)
• Writing down my wins for the day
If you find yourself having to fluff your pillow up or flip it like a pancake throughout the night, it could be time for a pillow upgrade.
If you keep putting off shopping for a new pillow, I don’t blame you. Shopping for pillows can be frustrating and disheartening. I have purchased many expensive pillows that I haven’t been able to sleep on (e.g., too high, too low, or too firm). But I recently found the perfect pillow.
So, my advice is don’t give up. Keep searching for the perfect pillow.
Here are my pillow shopping tips:
• Go to a bed store, find a mattress that is similar to your own, and test out a range of different pillows on that mattress.
• Don’t be afraid to take a 15 minute power nap with the pillow in the shop!
• Some sales assistants will try to sell you really expensive pillows ($200AUD+) but the most expensive pillow may not be the best pillow (I ended up buying a $40 pillow).
I had a stack of Guardian Weekly news magazines that I wanted to get through. I thought, “Why not create a tiny habit of reading the news before bed?”
This was a terrible idea.
On the night’s I read the news before bed, I noticed that I would have nightmares.
So my advice to you is this: don’t read the news right before going to bed! Find a better spot in your daily routine to do it (after breakfast or lunch work works for me).
A survey by Sleep Junkie found that people who washed their sheets frequently (every 12.8 day on average) reported sleeping better than people who washed their sheets less frequently.
There’s something really nice about getting into a bed with clean sheets. Why not change your bed sheets and see how you sleep tonight?
If your mind is racing, grab a piece of paper and write out what you’re thinking. It doesn’t have to make sense or even look nice.
There is something mentally liberating about getting your thoughts out of your head and down on paper. When I write my thoughts down, I gain a little distance from them. Those thoughts are also less likely to keep looping through my head on repeat.
When you sleep, you want your room to be dark. The darker the better.
If you can see little green or red lights coming from devices, put tape over them. Block out curtains can work really well, too. But if you’re not in a position to change your curtains, I recommend investing in a good eye mask to block out the light.
I have experimented with lots of sleep masks over the years, but my favourite is a sleep mask I was gifted from Baxter Blue (you can check it out here). This eye mask is a little pricey but it’s super comfortable as it doesn’t apply any pressure on your eyes. Most importantly, it does a great job of blocking out the light.
Studies show eating a fibre rich diet can lead to better sleep.
Where do you get fibre from?
From plant foods (i.e., beans, vegetables, fruits, and wholegrains).
There is no fibre in meat, eggs, dairy, and junk food.
Add an extra serve of vegetables to each of your meals (including breakfast). If you’re not a fan of vegetables, find ways to hide them in your meals. For example, whenever I add a handful of spinach or kale to a smoothie, I can’t even tell it’s in there!
There are many different things you can do to improve your sleep each night. The key is to commit to making sleep a top priority. Commit to trying a few of these strategies.
Getting healthy sleep is one of the simplest ways you can improve the way you feel, think, and learn. Let’s face it, everything feels easier after a good night’s sleep.
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But I’ve also had to learn to move to learn.
Does that makes sense? If not, let me explain myself.
Like most students, I was conditioned to sit still in a chair for hours each day. Even though I felt chained to my chair in school, there was one part of my body that I could move: my arms and hands.
I could gesture to express ideas.
Being half Italian, using my hands to gesticulate feels completely natural and normal. Growing up, I watched my Italian relatives gesture dramatically to stress a point and communicate ideas.
Having been exposed to this from a young age, I didn’t know how to behave any differently. It’s just what you did when you spoke: you used your hands.
However, my bold hand gestures weren’t always welcome, and they inevitably drew attention in the classroom.
People would comment, “Ha! Look at the way she uses her hands!” and “You’re so Italian!”.
My hand gestures were too over-the-top. I needed to tone things down.
When I was in Year 9, I tried to restrain my hand gestures. I alternated between sitting on my hands, folding them and cupping them in my lap.
I didn’t realise it at the time, but by suppressing my hands’ natural urge to move, I was doing my brain a disservice.
This study by Langhanns and Müller found that when students were asked to sit still while solving problems, their cognitive load increased and their overall success in solving problems decreased.
In other words, when you focus on being still and try to ignore your body’s natural urge to move, this consumes a lot of your brainpower.
Fortunately, I gave up trying to suppress my hand gestures. There was no point in trying. My hand gestures were like a wild horse. They would always break free.
All these years later, I can see that my ability to gesture naturally and effortlessly made me good at public speaking. While other robotic speakers had to be coached into adding a few hand gestures, I moved my hands with ease.
But that’s not all; by using my hands in class, I was also tapping into special learning superpowers.
Research shows physical movement, including the use of gestures, helps improve understanding and boosts memory.
I’m referring to an experimental study conducted by a husband and wife research team, Tony and Helga Noice. This couple spent many years studying actors and their ability to learn and recall lines.
Their research found that actors were able to accurately recall lines that had been accompanied by movements months after the final stage performance. However, these same actors struggled to remember lines that had been spoken when they remained in one place.
The Noices wanted to know if ordinary people (non-actors) could benefit from engaging in physical movement and using gestures when learning and retrieving dialogue.
They devised an experiment involving 23 university students. They split these students into three groups:
Group 1: Movement condition
Group 2: Verbal communication only condition
Group 3: Memorisation condition (Control)
In the movement condition, students were taught how to move in the scene (without reading their scripts). They were then given scripts and read their lines while moving their bodies.
In the verbal communication condition, these students sat on chairs and were told to read their lines out loud. They weren’t allowed to move.
Groups 1 and 2 were told not to memorise the dialogue but instead to focus on the meaning of what they were saying. They were instructed to adopt an actor’s approach to learning (i.e., to be fully present and mean what they were saying as they said it).
In contrast, Group 3 (the control group) was instructed to try to memorise their lines using whatever strategy they’d found successful in the past.
Students in each group were given only five minutes to learn their lines. They were then given a brief distractor task (“Write down five movies you saw recently”) before being tested on their ability to recall their lines.
The researchers found that the students in the movement condition remembered 76% of their lines compared with only 37% for the memorisation control group.
The researchers concluded:
“Students who actively experienced communicating the meaning of the material by using both words and movements recalled significantly more material than did either students who communicated using only words or students who deliberately memorized the same text.”
It’s important to note that the students in the movement condition weren’t just waving their arms around in the air. Their movements had meaning and were connected to what they were saying.
There are several ways you can utilise your body to learn.
If you’re trying to learn a new concept or memorise a presentation, don’t be afraid to use your hands and body. Think about what you’re saying. Can you apply a gesture or move your body to help you memorise an idea and improve your understanding?
As the authors of The Extended Mind In Action state:
“…the feel of our hands making a gesture reinforces our memory.”
This is why I also practice my presentations on my feet, using my hands and all my body to express ideas.
If you’re an online educator or teacher, it’s really important that students can see your arms and hands. Research shows that instructional videos that include people gesturing result in significantly more learning for people who watch them.
When I first started delivering online presentations, I made the mistake of only showing my head and shoulders.
After exploring the research in this area, I quickly adjusted my studio setup so that students could see my hands and arms as well. This small tweak made a huge difference in improving student learning.
I also encourage students to gesture back to check their understanding and reinforce key ideas. If you’re a teacher, I encourage you to try doing this with your students, too.
Besides using specific gestures and movements to learn concepts and dialogue, it’s also worth considering the benefits of engaging in light to moderate-intensity exercise before sitting down to study.
A fabulous research study called Sweat So You Don’t Forget found that when students engaged in five-minute exercise breaks every 17 minutes, they could focus better and remembered more than students who didn’t get any breaks or had a sedentary break (playing video games).
Annie Murphy Paul writes in her book The Extended Mind: The Power of Thinking Outside the Brain:
“…we have it within our power to induce in ourselves a state that is ideal for learning, creating, and engaging in other kinds of complex cognition: by exercising briskly just before we do so.”
This is why, every morning, before I start my work, I run on my treadmill or ride my stationary bike for at least 20 minutes. This gives me a cognitive boost: it improves my focus, creativity, executive function and ability to learn.
The movement also helps to decrease anxiety by supplying my brain with a dose of BDNF (i.e. brain-derived neutrophic factor). Dr Jennifer Heisz, in her book Move the Body, Heal the Mind, explains that BDNF is like fertiliser for the brain. She writes:
“BDNF acts like a fertilizer that promotes the growth, function, and survival of brain cells, including those that turn off the stress response.”
She continues:
“Immediately after exercising, our brain cells are bathed in BDNF, which protects those cells against the toxic effects of high stress.”
As I think back to high stress times in my life, I have no doubt that movement (and regular doses of BDNF) are what got me through these periods.
Your body is a powerful tool to help you learn. The research is clear that moving your body enhances your ability to think and learn.
It’s time to move past the outdated idea that learning means sitting still and being serious. It costs us nothing to gesture with our hands while reading about a concept or to go for a walk outside before studying.
Movement benefits us in many ways, so why not include some in your study routine today?
Research shows active recall (aka retrieval practice) is a highly effective strategy for remembering information. This strategy will take your studies and your grades to the next level.
Active recall involves bringing information to mind without looking at your books and notes.
I have spent the last 30 days experimenting with this excellent learning strategy. In this blog, I’ll share what I did and how I kept the process interesting for my brain.
I no longer need to study for tests and exams.
So, why did I spend 30 days using active recall strategies?
In my line of work, I need to constantly come up with new and original content to present to students. I also need to memorise this content. Why?
Because if I was to read from a sheet of notes or text heavy slides that would be really boring for students. I want to connect with students and to do this, I have to be able to deliver the content off the top of my head with speed and ease.
This is where active recall enters the picture.
Active recall helps to speed up the learning process. It allows you to learn more in less time.
Below I share some of the ways I use active recall to learn new presentation content. Keep in mind, you can use all of these strategies to prepare for an upcoming test or exam.
Whiteboards are wonderful learning tools. Here’s how I use a whiteboard to do active recall . . .
I push my speech notes to the side, so I can’t look at them. Then I grab a marker and say to myself, “What can you remember? Go!”.
I write out everything I can remember on the whiteboard. Once I’ve exhausted my memory, I pick up my notes and check to see how I went (using a red marker to make corrections).
No whiteboard? No problem!
I pick up a pen and sheet of paper and start scribbling out whatever I can remember on the topic. When I get stuck, I pause and take a few deep breaths as I try to scan my brain for the information.
I regularly remind myself that it is okay to not remember the content. “This is how the process goes!”, I say to myself. There is no point beating myself up. That only leads to feelings of misery and not wanting to do active recall practice.
After having a shot at it, I take out my notes, pick up a red pen, and begin the process of checking to see how I went.
Sick of writing? I get it.
Try drawing out the information instead. Alternatively, you can use a combination of words and pictures, which is what I often do.
Grab a blank piece of paper (A3 size is best) and create a mind map of everything you can remember on a topic (no peeking at your notes). Then check your notes or the original mind map to see what you remembered correctly and incorrectly.
Writing and drawing out information can take time. If you want to speed up the process, you can talk to yourself.
But don’t do this in your head. It’s too easy to just say “Yeah, yeah, I know this stuff!”. You need to speak it out loud as this forces you to have a complete thought. Then, check your notes to see how you went.
The only downside with this approach is you don’t have a tangible record of what you recalled, which brings me to the next strategy . . .
I make videos of myself presenting the content (without referring to my notes). Although I use special software and tools to make my videos, you don’t need any fancy equipment. Your phone will do the job. Here’s what you can do . . .
Set your phone up so the camera is facing you. Now hit the record button and tell the camera what you’re going to do active recall on. Have a shot at explaining the idea. Then stop recording and hit the play button.
Watching yourself struggle to remember information is often hard viewing. But this is where it’s super important to double down on telling yourself kind thoughts (e.g., “I’m still learning this content. It’s going to be rusty and feel clunky – that’s okay!”).
You need to take a deep breath and keep watching because the video will give you valuable feedback.
For example, if you stop midsentence and you don’t know how to proceed, that tells you something: you don’t know this stuff so well! Make a note. This part of the content needs your attention.
Hand your notes over to a friend, parent, or sibling. Now get them to ask you questions on the content.
I sat with my mum and showed her a print out of my slides for a new presentation. The slides were just pictures (no text).
As I went through the slides, I explained the ideas to mum. I made notes of any sections I was rusty on. Mum also asked lots of questions, which allowed me to think more deeply about the content.
When it came crunch time (a few days before the final presentation), I printed out my presentation slides (16 per page) and used each slide as a prompt. I’d look at the slide and say, “What do I need to say here?”.
Sometimes I wrote out what I’d be saying in relation to each slide (without looking at my notes). Then I checked my original notes to make sure I hadn’t forgotten anything.
It’s really important that you don’t skip the stage of checking to see how you went, especially as you become more confident with the content.
At times, I found myself thinking “I know this stuff! I don’t need to check my notes” but then another part would say, “You better just check . . . just to be on the safe side”.
I’m glad I forced myself to check because more often than not I would discover that I had missed a crucial point.
Zines are cute little booklets you can create on any topic you like. They are fun to make, so I thought I’d try making a mini zine on the main points of some new content I had to learn.
I folded up an A4 page into a booklet and then I sketched out the main points on each panel.
I create a deck of flashcards on some key ideas (question on one side and the answer on the back) and then I test myself with them.
I read the question and before flipping the card, I write out the answer on a sheet of paper or say it out loud. Then I check to see how I went.
The beauty of flashcards is they are small and portable (they can easily fit in your pocket or bag). Whenever you have a spare minute or two, you can get a little active recall practice in.
It’s not enough to do active recall just once on the content you need to learn. For best results, you want to practice recalling the information several times over a period of time.
I didn’t follow a strict schedule for the 30 days. I had my notes for each important chunk of information I had to learn pinned to eight different clipboards.
Every morning, I’d pick up a different clipboard and I’d practice that specific content. I knew as long as I’d had a good night’s sleep in between practice sessions that the information was being strengthened in my brain.
Doing active recall is a bit like doing a high intensity workout: it can be exhausting. But you must remember, just like a high intensity exercise session is an effective way to train and get fit, active recall is an effective way to learn. Unlike less effective strategies (e.g., rereading and highlighting), you can learn a lot in a short space of time with active recall.
The key is to expect the process to be a little uncomfortable. Don’t fight the discomfort. If you trust the process and persevere, it won’t be long before you begin to see amazing results.
Just because active recall is challenging to do that doesn’t mean you can’t have fun with it.
Using a combination of different active recall strategies is one way to keep things fresh and interesting for your brain. But you may wish to try the following things to add a little boost of fun to your active recall sessions:
• Use a different type of pen
• Use a different coloured pen
• Change the type of paper or notebook you use (e.g., instead of using lined paper, use blank A3 paper)
• Incorporate movement into your active recall sessions (e.g., walk and test yourself with some flashcards)
• Change your study environment (e.g., go to the library or study outside)
Like I said, active recall is challenging to do, especially when you first start learning new content. You can feel awkward and clumsy. For this reason, it’s easy to make excuses to get out of doing it (e.g., “I’m too tired”, “I’m not ready to do it”, and “It’s not the right time”).
This is where you need to harness the power of habits.
Find a set time in your day to do a little active recall practice. For instance, during my 30 days of active recall, I scheduled my practice sessions for first thing in the morning. I knew after I washed my face, I would sit down to practice.
Incorporating active recall into my morning routine worked really well for me. I was getting the hardest thing done first thing in the day. And once it was done, I could relax. It was done and dusted!
At a certain point, I became more confident with the content and I found I was on a roll. I felt motivated to do active recall.
This is when I started to look for spare moments in the day to squeeze in a few extra mini practice sessions.
For example, one day I found myself waiting in a car. I grabbed a paper shopping bag and started scribbling out the content onto the bag. As soon as I got home, I checked the shopping bag against my notes.
I hope you can see that there’s no one set way to do active recall. This is a highly effective strategy you can be creative with. As long as you’re testing yourself and checking to see how you went, you can’t go wrong.
And if you do make a mistake? It’s no big deal. If you check to see how you went, you won’t embed the error in your long-term memory.
Study is such a vague term.
Many students know they should study, but they’re not exactly sure what study is and what they should be doing.
This is a problem.
If you don’t know what study is and what effective study looks like, chances are you probably won’t be able to do it.
You’ll be winging it.
How can you develop a solid study habit?
I’m going to breakdown what study is and how you can study in the most effective way to optimise learning. I’ll also share a simple way to combat procrastination and kick-start your study sessions.
Study is where you spend time understanding ideas. It also involves cementing ideas into your memory.
Study is different from collecting information (e.g., downloading articles, buying books, and saving videos to watch later). Study involves taking that information, spending time trying to understand ideas, and making connections between different ideas.
Let’s be clear . . .
Study is different from working on homework and assignments.
Homework and assignments are relatively straightforward. The teacher tells you exactly what you need to do. If you’re not sure what to do, you can ask for clarification.
Study is not so clear cut.
Unless you have a private tutor, a friend, or teacher who spells out what you need to do in your study sessions (e.g., “Go test yourself with this flashcard deck tonight and then test yourself again in two days’ time”), no one is telling you what to study and how to do it. This is something you need to figure out for yourself.
The good news is there are simple things you can do to help you pinpoint what you need to study (more on this shortly).
You will forget most of what the teacher says in class unless you make an effort to retain it. This is why study is so important. Study is what embeds ideas into your memory.
In psychology, there’s a concept known as the Forgetting Curve.
The idea is simple: information leaks out of your brain over time. But by studying, you can slow down the rate of forgetting and even interrupt it completely.
Most of us have unrealistic expectations when it comes to learning new ideas and skills.
A lot of students expect learning to be fast and easy like in the science fiction film The Matrix.
There’s a famous scene in The Matrix where Neo gets plugged into the ‘Knowledge Upload Machine’. A floppy disk with combat skills is inserted into the machine and Neo rapidly acquires all the skills of jujutsu.
Many of us want instant results like Neo. If we can’t understand something straight away or nail the skill the first time, we give up.
What do we do instead?
We run to things that deliver instant gratification (e.g., TikTok, video games, and YouTube). These things bring us temporary relief from the negative feelings and discomfort that arise when we are faced with challenging work.
But they also take us further away from our goals.
Here’s the reality of study . . .
Study isn’t easy.
It takes work.
It takes time.
But if you can get yourself to sit down and do a little bit of study every day, you’ll see that over time all those study sessions will add up to something solid.
It’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking of study as being one giant overwhelming task. This makes the work feel scary and extracts all the fun from the process.
When we see study as being overwhelming, we feel stressed and when we feel stressed about any task, we are more likely to procrastinate.
So, let’s break the process down into more concrete simple tasks to make it seem more manageable and less threatening.
Before you sit down to study, set yourself up with the things you need to learn. Get out your pens, paper, notes, textbook, flashcards, a glass of water, post-it notes, noise blocking earmuffs/headphones, etc.
Is there anything that could distract you when you study?
Deal with distractions from the outset. Create a barrier between you and Big Tech (this way it will be hard to run to the fun stuff when things get tricky with your work).
The simplest and most powerful thing you can do is take your phone and place it away from your body in another room. Turn it off or put it on silent.
If there is any visual clutter in your space, collect it up in a box and put it in another room. Being surrounded by piles of clutter can increase your stress levels and make it hard to focus.
Setting yourself up is an important first step for several reasons:
1. It will help you get into a state of flow with your learning;
2. You’re warming your brain up and mentally preparing it to do the work; and
3. You’ll be less distracted which will allow you to learn more in less time.
Once you’ve set yourself up, this bring us to the next step . . .
Select a subject and then ask yourself these simple questions:
1. What didn’t I understand in class today?
2. What topics were confusing?
3. Where are the gaps in my knowledge?
These questions can be difficult to answer several hours after a class, especially if you didn’t take any notes in class.
This is why it’s a good idea to scribble down on a post-it note anything you don’t understand in class. This post-it will help guide your study sessions later in the day.
If you can’t answer the above questions, here are some ways you can gain clarity on what you need to study:
• Check the unit content section of your syllabus. Focus on the content you have already covered in class. If any words are unfamiliar or confusing, that’s a clue you need to study those ideas. Why? Because you’re going to be assessed on this content at some point in the future.
• Test yourself with a practice test, past exam paper, or flashcards. Stumped by a question? There you go! That’s a sign you don’t understand this particular topic so well.
When you realise you’re a bit rusty on a concept or don’t understand something, don’t feel bad. Instead, write the concept on a post-it note and tell yourself “Good job!” You’ve just pinpointed something to study. You’re one step closer to getting a better understanding of the content.
You’ve figured out what you need to study. Now it’s time to decide on the best strategy to learn the content.
The strategy you select will depend on where you’re at on your learning journey and what you need to be able to do with the content.
I see learning as being made up of two distinct parts:
• Part 1: You first need to understand the information and make sense of it
• Part 2: You need to commit the information to memory so you can easily retrieve it when you need it (e.g., in a test or exam)
Doing part 1 well will help you with part 2 (remembering the information). But it won’t be enough to cement the ideas into your memory. You’ll need additional strategies for this.
Here are some ideas to help you with each part of your learning journey . . .
When you are trying to understand a topic
• Grab a sheet of A3 paper and draw out the ideas as you read
• Watch an animated video explaining the topic
• Ask for help from an expert (e.g., teacher), friend, or Google
• Access children’s books or graphic novels on the topic
When you need to remember information on a topic
• Do a practice test
• Teach a friend, a pet, or the wall
• Write or draw out as much as you can remember
• Record yourself explaining an idea
If you want to remember something, you need to practice remembering that information.
It’s okay to incorrectly recall the information but it’s critical that you find out what the right answer is immediately. If you do this, you won’t embed the incorrect information!
Steer clear of studying in the following ways:
• Passively rereading your books and notes
• Highlighting your notes
• Copying out your notes
• Summarising your notes or a chapter (this is worth doing in the early stages of learning something new but it’s not a good way to prepare for a test or exam).
These are what I call ‘Feel Good, Get Nowhere’ study strategies. They feel good to use because they’re easy. But they get you nowhere because they’re not very effective ways to learn.
We live in an environment that has trained us to seek out pleasure and immediate gratification. This makes sitting down to study incredibly difficult for a lot of people.
Study forces us to face up to the fact that we don’t know everything and/or we may suck at some things (at least to begin with).
This explains why you probably won’t feel comfortable when you first sit down to study. You’ll feel the urge to distract yourself. But resist the urge.
Sit with the discomfort. Don’t run from it. Push through it.
Use an electronic timer to time your study sessions (25 – 45 minutes). This way your brain knows there’s an end point and you won’t be stuck in the discomfort forever.
When the timer goes off, give yourself a break. These breaks will help you to mentally re-energise.
A recent study from the University of Sydney confirmed this. Researchers found taking a five-minute unstructured rest break improved students’ ability to focus and learn.
Force yourself to step away from your computer screen and go outside. Look up at the sky and some trees. If you can, add some movement into your breaks.
You are not a machine. In order to engage in quality study, you need to take regular breaks.
We’ve just broken down study sessions into five simple steps:
Step 1: Prepare your environment
Step 2: Pinpoint what you need to study
Step 3: Choose your study strategy
Step 4: Embrace the pain and go!
Step 5: Take a break
Your first few study sessions will require a bit of willpower to carry out. But why would you want to rely on your willpower reserves all the time?
That’s far too draining.
This is where creating a study habit can help to streamline the process and conserve your mental energy.
Most of us have easy access to an abundance of endless entertainment options. There are many cues in our environment that remind us of the fun things we could be doing instead of study.
If you can establish a study habit, you eliminate all these options from your life for that part of your day.
Once you decide when and where you’re going to study, you’re no longer overwhelmed by all the choice. Your brain knows exactly what it needs to do.
Here are some examples of tiny study habits:
1. After I have a snack, I will take my phone and place it in another room (on silent).
2. After I finish dinner, I will take out my flashcards and place them on my desk.
3. After I unpack my bag, I will grab a post-it note and ask myself “What didn’t I understand in class today?” I will write down one thing.
4. After I have a shower, I will place my textbook on my desk.
5. After I hear a concept I don’t understand, I will write it down on a post-it note.
6. After I have pinpointed what I need to study, I will ask “Which strategy will I use to learn this?”
7. After I hear the timer go off, I will get up and go outside.
These study habits are tiny but that’s the whole point. When we are starting out, we keep the study behaviour small so it feels fun and easy for the brain.
“Study” can sound mighty grim. It can bring to mind images of staying up late into the night cramming. It can feel repetitive, dull, and pointless.
“Study” sounds like what your teachers and parents want you to do. It doesn’t sound like something you’d do for fun.
Frankly, the term “study” comes with a lot of baggage.
But that’s okay. There’s no reason why you need to use the word.
You can create a mind map or test yourself with a flashcard desk without calling it “study”. Just do the tasks you need to do to understand and remember the information. There’s no need to name the tasks as “study”.
If you do want to call it something, try using a fun and playful term that has no baggage. For example, you could frame study as doing bicep curls for your brain.
Think about the things you are good and confident at doing now. What were you like when you first started? You probably weren’t great!
But you kept at it and over time, you got better. Your skills and confidence developed.
The same thing applies with study. You’re not going to be amazing at studying to begin with. You’re going to feel awkward and clumsy as you wrestle with new ideas. But cut yourself some slack.
Approach your study sessions as mini experiments. Go into them thinking, “Let’s test out this strategy and see how it goes”. If it doesn’t work, you can try again or try something different in your next study session.
Dr Jane Genovese delivers interactive and engaging study skills sessions for Australian secondary schools. She has worked with thousands of secondary students, parents, teachers and lifelong learners over the past 15 years.
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